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31-May-18
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Viewpoint
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Increasing Fatality Rates From Preventable Deaths in Teenagers and Young Adults
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Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH; Rebekah Mannix, MD, MPH
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 31, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6566
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This Viewpoint reviews CDC injury statistics documenting a rise in preventable fatalities in young people related to opioids, motor vehicle crashes, and firearms, and calls for policies aimed at reversing the trend.
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Sustaining Health-Protective Behaviors Such as Physical Activity and Healthy Eating
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Genevieve F. Dunton, PhD, MPH
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 31, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6621
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This Viewpoint discusses the importance of how microtimescale influences fluctuations in mood or motivation on a minute-to-minute or day-to-day basis, influences people’s ability to sustain lifestyle behaviors over a lifetime, and envisions development of just-in-time interventions as needed to facilitate daily healthy choices.
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30-May-18
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Medical News & Perspectives
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A Day in the Life: Physician Cares for HIV-Positive Patients in Jail
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Rita Rubin, MA
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 30, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5315
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This Medical News story describes a day in the life of an infectious disease specialist caring for incarcerated individuals living with HIV.
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For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, What’s the Best Target Hemoglobin A1C?
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Jennifer Abbasi
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 30, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5420
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This Medical News article discusses new clinical guidance for blood glucose targets.
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29-May-18
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Viewpoint
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Big Data and Predictive AnalyticsRecalibrating Expectations
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Nilay D. Shah, PhD; Ewout W. Steyerberg, PhD; David M. Kent, MD, MS
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 29, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5602
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This Viewpoint describes 4 major barriers to useful risk prediction that may not be easily overcome by new methods in machine learning and, in some instances, may be more difficult to overcome in the era of big data.
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Resolving the Productivity Paradox of Health Information TechnologyA Time for Optimism
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Robert M. Wachter, MD; Michael D. Howell, MD, MPH
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 29, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5605
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In this Viewpoint, Robert Wachter and Michael Howell from Google discuss the prospects that medicine is finally poised to realize improvements in quality, safety, and productivity from investments in health information technology and digitization, and from growing competencies in systems thinking and population health
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24-May-18
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Viewpoint
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HIPAA and Protecting Health Information in the 21st Century
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I. Glenn Cohen, JD; Michelle M. Mello, JD, PhD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 24, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5630
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This Viewpoint posits that HIPAA no longer fully protects health information in today’s big data era in which health data are collected and exchanged in nonclinical settings, such as social media, apps, and search engines, and proposes principles around which reform of health information privacy protections should be organized.
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QALYs in 2018—Advantages and Concerns
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Peter J. Neumann, ScD; Joshua T. Cohen, PhD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 24, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6072
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This Viewpoint reviews the rationale for measuring health outcomes using quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and discusses the advantages and limitations of the measure and its role in attempts to define and promote the practice of high-value medicine.
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23-May-18
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Medical News & Perspectives
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Framingham at 70: What We’ve Learned About Women and Heart Disease
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Rebecca Voelker, MSJ
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Abstract Full Text
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free access has audio
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JAMA. Published online May 23, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5069
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In this Medical News article, the Framingham Heart Study’s director, Daniel Levy, MD, discusses women’s participation during the study’s 70-year history.
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Audio: Framingham at 70: What We’ve Learned About Women and Heart Disease
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21-May-18
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Viewpoint
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Health Care Reforms in India
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K. Srinath Reddy, MD, DM
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 21, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5284
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This Viewpoint discusses the efforts India has been taking as it works toward establishing universal health coverage.
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Global Budgets in MarylandAssessing Results to Date
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Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD; Elizabeth A. Stuart, PhD; Joseph Antos, PhD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 21, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5871
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This Viewpoint discusses the unique approach to health care reform implemented in Maryland, which has a diverse population served by rural, suburban, and urban hospitals including 2 major academic health centers.
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20-May-18
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Editorial
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Has Reconstruction of the Central Airways Been Transformed?From Aorta to Trachea
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Valerie W. Rusch, MD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access has audio
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JAMA. Published online May 20, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4652
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Clinical Review Audio: Replacing the Trachea: An Exciting New Procedure; But How Do We Know It Really Works?
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Clinical Trials in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in the“Posttreatment Era”
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Kevin F. Gibson, MD; Daniel J. Kass, MD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 20, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6225
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qSOFA Score for Patients With Sepsis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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Neill K. J. Adhikari, MDCM, MSc; Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MS
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 20, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6413
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Original Investigation
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Association of the Quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) Score With Excess Hospital Mortality in Adults With Suspected Infection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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Kristina E. Rudd, MD, MPH; Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc; Adam R. Aluisio, MD, MSc; et al.
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Abstract Full Text
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free access has active quiz
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JAMA. Published online May 20, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6229
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This pooled cohort analysis assesses the association of quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score with excess hospital death among patients with suspected infection in low- to middle-income countries and compares the mortality association using qSOFA vs systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria.
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Editorial
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qSOFA Score for Patients With Sepsis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
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Neill K. J. Adhikari, MDCM, MSc; Gordon D. Rubenfeld, MD, MS
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Preliminary Communication
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Feasibility of Bioengineered Tracheal and Bronchial Reconstruction Using Stented Aortic Matrices
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Emmanuel Martinod, MD, PhD; Kader Chouahnia, MD; Dana M. Radu, MD; et al.
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Abstract Full Text
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free access has active quiz has multimedia has audio
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JAMA. Published online May 20, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4653
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This case series describes 90-day mortality of patients who required tracheal, bronchial, or carinal reconstruction using stented aortic allografts supported by muscle flaps for treatment of inoperable airway disease including lung cancer, tracheal stenosis, or tracheomalacia.
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Clinical Review Audio: Replacing the Trachea: An Exciting New Procedure; But How Do We Know It Really Works?
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Editorial
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Has Reconstruction of the Central Airways Been Transformed?From Aorta to Trachea
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Valerie W. Rusch, MD
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Effect of Recombinant Human Pentraxin 2 vs Placebo on Change in Forced Vital Capacity in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisA Randomized Clinical Trial
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Ganesh Raghu, MD; Bernt van den Blink, MD, PhD; Mark J. Hamblin, MD; et al.
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 20, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6129
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This randomized clinical trial compares the effects of recombinant human pentraxin 2, a monocyte differentiation inhibitor, vs placebo on changes in percent predicted forced vital capacity after 28 weeks in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Editorial
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Clinical Trials in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in the“Posttreatment Era”
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Kevin F. Gibson, MD; Daniel J. Kass, MD
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Medical News & Perspectives
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The Body’s Largest Artery Aids in Building a Better Trachea
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Rebecca Voelker, MSJ
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Abstract Full Text
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free access has audio
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JAMA. Published online May 20, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5374
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In this medical news article, the author of a study reporting outcomes of tracheal replacement surgery explains how he and his colleagues developed their techniques.
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Clinical Review Audio: Replacing the Trachea: An Exciting New Procedure; But How Do We Know It Really Works?
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18-May-18
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Viewpoint
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Direct-to-Consumer Genetic TestingThe Implications of the US FDA’s First Marketing Authorization for BRCA Mutation Testing
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Jennifer Gill, MS; Adam J. Obley, MD; Vinay Prasad, MD, MPH
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 18, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5330
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This Viewpoint discusses the implications of the US FDA’s 2018 marketing authorization permitting 23and Me to market BRCA mutation testing to the general public, including concern about overtesting, false assurance, and the ability of accessible testing to improve population health outcomes.
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Banning Abortion in Cases of Down SyndromeImportant Lessons for Advances in Genetic Diagnosis
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Rebecca B. Reingold, JD; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 18, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6118
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This Viewpoint discusses legal and ethical issues raised by the 2017 Ohio law prohibiting physicians from performing abortions if the pregnant woman’s decision was influenced by her belief that the fetus has Down syndrome.
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17-May-18
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Viewpoint
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An Incomplete PrescriptionPresident Trump’s Plan to Address High Drug Prices
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Ameet Sarpatwari, JD, PhD; Jerry Avorn, MD; Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 17, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7424
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This Viewpoint discusses missed opportunities in the 2018 White House blueprint to reduce prescription drug prices, including a proposal that would require CMS to negotiate prices with manufacturers and that would ban unfair practices companies use to extend brand exclusivity.
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16-May-18
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Original Investigation
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Effect of Use of a Bougie vs Endotracheal Tube and Stylet on First-Attempt Intubation Success Among Patients With Difficult Airways Undergoing Emergency IntubationA Randomized Clinical Trial
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Brian E. Driver, MD; Matthew E. Prekker, MD; Lauren R. Klein, MD; et al.
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Abstract Full Text
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free access has active quiz
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JAMA. Published online May 16, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6496
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This randomized clinical trial compares the effect on first-attempt success of intubation using a tracheal tube bougie introducer vs endotracheal tube with stylet in patients with difficult airway characteristics requiring emergency intubation.
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Medical News & Perspectives
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As Overdoses Climb, Emergency Departments Begin Treating Opioid Use Disorder
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Rita Rubin, MA
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 16, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4648
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This Medical News story describes the growing trend of emergency departments initiating medication-assisted treatment with buprenorphine to patients with opioid use disorder.
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15-May-18
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Research Letter
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Use of Conservative Management for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer in the Veterans Affairs Integrated Health Care System From 2005-2015
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Stacy Loeb, MD, MSc; Nataliya Byrne, BA; Danil V. Makarov, MD, MHS; et al.
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 15, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5616
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This study uses US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) data to characterize trends in the use of watchful waiting and active surveillance as strategies for managing low-risk prostate cancer in US veterans from 2005 through 2015.
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14-May-18
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Viewpoint
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The Microbiome and Risk for Atherosclerosis
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Anthony L. Komaroff, MD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 14, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5240
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This Viewpoint discusses the role the human gut microbiome may play in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, both by influencing risk factors and by direct effects on the inflammation and vulnerability of endovascular plaques.
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10-May-18
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Viewpoint
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Management ReasoningBeyond the Diagnosis
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David A. Cook, MD, MHPE; Jonathan Sherbino, MD, MEd; Steven J. Durning, MD, PhD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 10, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4385
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This Viewpoint discusses management reasoning, ways in which it differs from diagnostic reasoning, and areas that require further research.
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Preparing Physician-Scientists for an Evolving Research Ecosystem
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Matthew E. Hirschtritt, MD, MPH; Penny M. Heaton, MD; Thomas R. Insel, MD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 10, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.4478
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In this Viewpoint, Insel and colleagues discuss the roles that private sector companies and foundations might play and the advantages of public-private partnerships in nurturing new and early-career physician-investigators given an always-challenging funding environment and ever-increasing hurdles young physicians must overcome to establish a research career.
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7-May-18
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Viewpoint
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The Ethics of Medicaid’s Work Requirements and Other Personal Responsibility Policies
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Harald Schmidt, PhD; Allison K. Hoffman, JD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 7, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3384
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This Viewpoint discusses the possible harms of controversial state-mandated work requirements for Medicaid beneficiaries and proposes safeguards the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services might put in place to minimize health risks to patients.
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Antitrust, Market Exclusivity, and Transparency in the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Michael S. Sinha, MD, JD, MPH; Gregory D. Curfman, MD; Michael A. Carrier, JD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 7, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.3478
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This Viewpoint uses 3 recent legal antitrust cases filed by pharmaceutical companies against each other to identify mechanisms by which companies suppress competition and keep drug prices inflated, and emphasizes the role of antitrust law as a potentially positive means to open markets and increase access to affordable drugs.
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3-May-18
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Viewpoint
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The Importance of Oral Health in Comprehensive Health Care
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Janice S. Lee, DDS, MD, MS; Martha J. Somerman, DDS, PhD
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 3, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.19777
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This Viewpoint discusses the importance of oral medicine to overall patient health, and argues for dedicated screening and assessment of oral and dental health among nondentist health practitioners.
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Value-Based Pricing and Patient Access for Specialty Drugs
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James C. Robinson, PhD, MPH; Scott Howell, MD, MBA; Steven D. Pearson, MD, MSc
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Abstract Full Text
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free access
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JAMA. Published online May 3, 2018. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.5367
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This Viewpoint discusses the challenges of high prices for payers and high access barriers for patients for specialty drugs and how these can be addressed by value-based pricing and value-based patient access.
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