除了前述5个通用的科研板块【科学思维&集成创新】、【文献检索&分析管理】、【研究设计&研究方法】、【数据处理&统计分析】、【科学写作&公开发表】。医学科研还有其独特的属性和内容，即临床流行病学、循证医学、医学伦理学、卫生经济学、医学科技成果转化，五大模块。

在【科研相关的医学辅修课】版块 ，我们将一一系统介绍以上五门学科的主要内容，供大家有基本了解。

以下内容均为IPR Group原创内容，请勿未经允许转载！

前一篇：第三节 流行病学研究要点——小结

结合之前的介绍内容，按照流行病学的研究方法分类，推荐中英文文献各10篇，并附摘要和文献来源。

一、描述流行病学研究

1.横断面调查

（1）中文文献1：

题目：辽宁省彰武县高血压高发地区人群脑卒中患病影响因素研究

摘要：目的：研究辽宁省彰武县农村高血压高发地区脑卒中患病的影响因素。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法对彰武县6个乡11个村18岁以上人群5208人进行一般情况、常见脑卒中危险因素的调查,测量血压和检测血液生化指标。资料采用SPSS10.0软件进行分析。结果：该地区脑卒中标化患病率为3.10%,性别间差异有统计学意义,患病率随年龄增加而升高；多因素分析结果显示,高血压、舒张压、脉压、年龄及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）与脑卒中患病密切相关，OR值和95%CI分别为：2.958（1.783～4.907）、2.803（1.934～4.062）、1.154（1.056～1.261）、1.080（1.063～1.097）、0.390（0.235～0.647）、1.422（1.008～2.006）。结论：高血压尤其是高舒张压、脉压、LDL-C是彰武县农村脑卒中高发的主要危险因素，HDL-C是保护因素。

（2）中文文献2：

题目：中国部分中年人群糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率现况调查

摘要：目的：描述中国14组中年人群空腹血糖受损（IFG）患病率、糖尿病（DM）患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率现状及其近年的变化趋势。方法：1998年对14组35～59岁人群进行整群抽样调查，测定空腹血糖并询问DM史及治疗史，用于现况研究。对其中4组曾在1993-1994年进行相同调查的人群进行变化趋势研究。结果：14组人群IFG和DM年龄标化患病率分别为0.5%～15.6%（平均4.8%）和0.2%～10.6%（平均4.3%），无性别差异，城市高于农村（P＜0 01），年龄越大患病率越高（P＜0.01）。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为0%～46 2%（平均33.3%）、0%～46.2%（平均27.2%）和0%～15.4%（平均9.7%）；女性大于男性（P＜0.01），城市高于农村（P=0.031），年龄越大上述三率越高（P＜0.05），与文化程度无显著关联。在DM知晓者中治疗率平均为81.6%，在治疗者中控制率平均为35.6%，且男女、城乡、年龄组间差异无统计学意义。1993-1994年到1998年4组人群DM患病率平均由3.8%上升到4.6%（P=0.037），知晓率、治疗率、控制率有上升趋势但变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：中国14组中年人群DM患病率两性之间差异无统计学意义，地区之间差异明显,近年呈上升趋势。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率总体处于较低水平。解决DM人群防治的关键是改善检出机会和提高治疗效果两个环节。

（3）英文文献1：

Title：Heart rate variability and blood pressure among Japanese men and women: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with blood pressure levels; however, very few studies have correlated HRV to lifestyle in the general population. We investigated 1418 men and 2040 women aged 40-74 years and measured the HRV indices in the time and frequency domains using a 5-min R-R interval recording. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate the association between HRV and blood pressure levels after adjustment for major confounders. HRV indices were not associated with systolic blood pressure levels in men, whereas in women, one-s.d. (1-s.d.) increment of s.d. of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) was associated with a 1.21-mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure after adjusting for several confounders (P<0.05). In addition, a 1-s.d. increment of SDNN corresponded with 1.00 and 1.10 mm Hg reductions in diastolic blood pressure in men and women, respectively (P<0.05). When stratified by the use or nonuse of antihypertensive medication, these inverse associations were more evident in the nonuser group. Furthermore, among men not using antihypertensive medication, reduced HRV was associated with increased systolic blood pressure levels in nondrinkers. The data suggest that HRV reflects diastolic blood pressure better than systolic blood pressure levels for both sexes and that alcohol intake strongly affects systolic blood pressure levels in men, which may have weakened the association with HRV.

（4）英文文献2：

Title：Self-reported knowledge and awareness about blood pressure and hypertension: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of men and women aged 60-74 years

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In general, it is assumed that patient education, by increasing knowledge, may change behavior and lifestyle and promote health. In this context, it is a surprise that knowledge and awareness about blood pressure and hypertension among elderly people is poor. We hypothesized that knowledge about blood pressure and hypertension would be better among individuals with self-reported hypertension compared with subjects without self-reported hypertension. METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to a random sample of 1,000 subjects living in the municipality of Silkeborg, Denmark. The study sample was drawn from the Central Person Registry. RESULTS: The response rate was 72%. Of these, 43% of responders had self-reported hypertension. The people with self-reported hypertension were older, less educated, had higher self-reported blood cholesterol levels, had higher body weight, and more often had a family history of hypertension. More than 80% reported that overweight and obesity increases blood pressure. More than 60% reported that untreated hypertension may  cause heart disease or stroke. More than half of the responders did not know their blood pressure, and only 21% knew that hypertension can occur without symptoms. Knowledge about hypertension was independent of self-reported hypertension status, but awareness about blood pressure was most prominent among  those with self-reported hypertension. CONCLUSION: General knowledge about blood pressure and hypertension was reasonable, but there is still room for improvement in elderly people's knowledge and awareness of blood pressure.

二、分析流行病学研究

1. 病例对照研究

（1）中文文献3：

题目：肠球菌属医院感染的危险因素病例对照配比研究

摘要：目的：探讨肠球菌属医院感染的危险因素,以制定有效的防护措施。方法：对59例肠球菌属医院感染患者与59例对照病例进行了配比研究。结果：单因素分析显示患者入院时的病情、是否合并泌尿系感染、白蛋白水平、侵入性操作和抗菌药物的使用在感染组与对照组病例中差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；多因素Logistic显示：患者入院时病情危重（OR=8.626）、有侵入性操作（OR=9.522）和应用头孢三代抗菌药物（OR=12.283）进行了回归方程（P<0,05）；屎肠球菌感染病例中入院时病情危重、头孢三代抗菌药物应用者的比例较粪肠球菌感染病例中的比例高（50.00% vs 6.67%，79.50% vs 46.70%，P<0.05）；粪肠球菌感染发生时间平均为入院后7.7 d，屎肠球菌感染时间平均为入院后15.0 d（P<0.05）。结论：患者入院时病情危重、有侵入性操作和头孢三代抗菌药物的应用是肠球菌属医院感染的独立危险因素，而加强侵入性操作的过程管理、规范头孢三代抗菌药物的使用可以作为今后进行临床干预的可行策略。
（2）中文文献4：

题目：中国103个地区吸烟与食管癌风险研究：死因调查中的病例对照方法学研究

摘要：目的：探讨吸烟与食管癌死亡危险的关系，验证在死因调查中同时进行病例对照研究方法的可行性与科学性。方法：分别采用非随机和随机方式在中国选择24个大中城市以及79个农村县进行死因调查,并同时开展以人群为基础的病例对照方法学研究。病例为1986至1988年调查地区内的死于食管癌、年龄≥35岁的男性患者，同时设置两组对照，对照组Ⅰ为同期死于其他消化道疾病、年龄≥35岁的男性患者；对照组Ⅱ为同期死亡的女性患者(全死因)的存活配偶，并且他们在其妻死亡时的年龄≥35岁。主要测定指标为按地区分别计算吸烟与不吸烟人群中食管癌绝对死亡率以及吸烟与食管癌死亡风险的关系。结果：（1）在病例与对照组Ⅰ中:非吸烟者/吸烟者食管癌绝对死亡率(1/千人)城市为0.39/0.63,内陆农村为1.06/1.24，沿海农村为1.18/1.55.对照组Ⅱ与对照组Ⅰ的趋势相同；每日吸烟支数与食管癌的死亡风险存在显著的剂量-反应关系。每日吸烟<10、10～、20～支的相对危险度值在对照组Ⅰ中为1.42、1.82、2.22，在对照组Ⅱ中为1.57、1.95、3.18。吸烟年限与食管癌的死亡风险同样存在显著的剂量-反应关系。（2）采用不同的对照，所得出的结果具有较好的一致性。结论：吸烟是食管癌重要的致病因素，在死因调查中进行病例对照研究是一种创新的、科学而易行的研究方法。

（3）英文文献3：

Title：Risk factors for the development of essential hypertension in a Mongolian population of China: a case-control study

Abstract:：Lifestyle, habits, diet, and genetics are all important factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Many association studies have been performed in the Chinese Han population, whereas data explaining the high prevalence of hypertension in the Mongolian population remain scarce. In the present study, we  aimed to determine the factors associated with the development of essential hypertension in Mongolians. A total of 194 hypertensive cases and 201 controls from Dongwu County were enrolled in the study. Demographics, anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters, food intake, lifestyle, habits, education, occupation, and family history were recorded for each subject. Genotype and allele frequencies of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the kallikrein 1 (KLK1) gene were also examined. Mean body mass index, waistline, hipline, blood sugar, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels were all significantly higher in the hypertensive group (P < 0.01). Hypertensives consumed less milk, vegetables, and fruits, and had higher cigarette, alcohol, and salt intake (P < 0.05). There were also less regular physical exercisers and manual workers among the hypertensive group (P < 0.05). The mean inheritance rank of the hypertensive group was higher than that of controls (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of the six SNPs between the hypertensive and control groups (P > 0.05). These results suggest that dietary history and habits have the most important influence on the development of essential hypertension in the Mongolian population.

（4）英文文献4：

Title：Tea, coffee, and caffeine and early-onset basal cell carcinoma in a case-control study

Abstract: Tea and coffee are hypothesized to play a protective role in skin carcinogenesis through bioactive components, such as caffeine, yet the epidemiologic evidence is mixed. Existing data support an inverse association with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), more so than for melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma. To understand whether tea, coffee, and caffeine are related to early-onset BCC, we evaluated data from 767 non-Hispanic Whites under age 40 in a case-control study in Connecticut. BCC cases (n=377) were identified through Yale's Dermatopathology database. Controls (n=390) were randomly sampled from individuals in the same database with benign skin diagnoses and frequency matched to cases on age, sex, and biopsy site. Participants completed an in-person interview including assessment of caffeinated coffee and hot tea. We calculated multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with unconditional logistic regression for regular consumption and frequency and duration measures. Combined  regular consumption of caffeinated coffee plus hot tea was inversely associated with early-onset BCC (OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.38-0.96). Those in the highest category of caffeine from these sources had a 43% reduced risk of BCC compared with nonconsumers (OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.34-0.95, P-trend=0.037). Our findings suggest a modest protective effect for caffeinated coffee plus tea in relation to early-onset BCC that may, in part, be due to caffeine. This study adds to the growing body of literature suggesting potential health benefits from these beverages.

2. 队列研究：

（1）中文文献5：

题目：11省市代谢综合征患者中心脑血管病发病率队列研究

摘要：目的：探讨队列人群代谢综合征与心脑血管病发病率的关系。方法：采用11省市队列人群（35～64岁）共27 739人于1992年进行基线危险因素调查的资料，计算队列人群代谢综合征患者在观察终点心脑血管病事件的人年标化发病率，用Cox回归模型预测危险因素水平与发病率之间的相关性。结果：（1）11省市队列人群代谢综合征患者心脑血管病人年标化发病率明显高于无代谢综合征者（分别为652.3/10万和206.7/10万，二者RR=3.12，P＜0.001）；（2）有高血压、低高密度脂蛋白和高腰围者心脑血管病人年标化发病率最高（男性910.2/10万,女性930.7/10万）；（3）男性年龄、吸烟、体重指数、总胆固醇和代谢综合征是心脑血管病发病的最重要的预测因素，女性为年龄、体重指数和代谢综合征。结论：11省市队列人群代谢综合征患者心脑血管病人年标化发病率明显高于无代谢综合征者，代谢综合征是心脑血管病发病的最重要的预测因素（尤其脑血管病），心脑血管病危险因素的一级和二级预防势在必行。

（2）中文文献6：

题目：四川省吸毒人群艾滋病病毒和梅毒新发感染的队列研究

摘要：目的：调查四川省某地区静脉吸毒人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒血清抗体阳转情况及其危险因素。方法：2002年11月在四川省西昌市以社区为基础招募HIV血清抗体阴性的静脉吸毒人群前瞻性研究队列333人，在队列每6个月随访时调查静脉吸毒人群高危吸毒行为和性行为情况，并采集血样进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测。结果队列随访2年，静脉吸毒人群队列保持率和HIV血清抗体阳转率分别为75.7%和2.53/100人年（95%CI:1.10～3.97），在多因素Poisson回归模型分析中，民族（RR=12.42,95%CI：2.72～56.74,P=0.0012）、近3个月共用针头或注射器（RR=4.06，95%CI：1.29～12.81,P=0.0168）与HIV血清抗体阳转的关系有统计学意义。该研究队列梅毒血清抗体阳转率为4.71/100人年（95%CI：2.59～6.82），在多因素Poisson回归模型中，女性（RR=4.42，95%CI：1.78～10 99，P=0.0014）与梅毒血清抗体阳转的关系有统计学意义。结论：该地区静脉吸毒人群HIV和梅毒新发感染率高，应采取有效的干预措施以控制HIV的传播流行。

（3）英文文献5：

Title: Smoking behavior and lung cancer in a biracial cohort: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the U.S., the incidence of lung cancer varies by race, with rates  being highest among black men. There are marked differences in smoking behavior between blacks and whites, but little is known regarding how these differences contribute to the racial disparities in lung cancer. PURPOSE: To compare the lung cancer risk associated with smoking in 14,610 blacks and whites in the prospective cohort Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. METHODS: Smoking characteristics were ascertained at baseline and three follow-up visits in 1990-1992, 1993-1995, and 1996-1998 (response rates were 93%, 86%, and 80%, respectively), as well as from annual telephone interviews. Data were analyzed in the fall of 2012. Multivariable-adjusted proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for lung cancer. RESULTS: Over 20 years of follow-up (1987-2006), 470 incident cases of lung cancer occurred. Lung cancer incident rates were highest in black men and lowest in black women. However, there was no evidence to support racial differences in the associations of smoking status, intensity, or age at initiation with lung cancer risk (all pinteraction>/=0.25). The hazard ratio for those who started smoking at age </=12 versus >22 years was 3.03 (95% CI=1.62, 5.67). Prolonged smoking cessation (>/=10 years) was associated with a decrease in lung cancer risk, with equivalent benefits in whites and blacks, 84% and 74%, respectively (pinteraction=0.25). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking confers similar lung cancer risk in blacks and whites.

 （4）英文文献6：

Title: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Associated With Risk of Progression From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract: IMPORTANCE Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at substantially increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The identification of important modifiable factors could help prevent T2DM in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of physical activity and television watching and other sedentary behaviors, and changes in these behaviors in the progression from GDM to T2DM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study of 4554 women from the Nurses' Health Study II who had a history of GDM, as part of the ongoing Diabetes & Women's Health Study. These women were followed up from 1991 to 2007. EXPOSURES Physical activity and television watching and other sedentary behaviors were assessed in 1991, 1997, 2001, and 2005. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE Incident T2DM identified through self-report and confirmed by supplemental questionnaires. RESULTS We documented 635 incident T2DM cases during 59 287 person-years of follow-up. Each 5-metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-h/wk) increment of total physical activity, which  is equivalent to 100 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity, was related to a 9% lower risk of T2DM (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.94); this inverse association remained significant after additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Moreover, an increase in physical activity  was associated with a lower risk of developing T2DM. Compared with women who maintained their total physical activity levels, women who increased their total  physical activity levels by 7.5 MET-h/wk or more (equivalent to 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity) had a 47% lower risk of T2DM (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38-0.75); the association remained significant after additional adjustment for BMI. The multivariable adjusted RRs (95% CIs) for T2DM associated  with television watching of 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 20, and 20 or more hours per week were 1 (reference), 1.28 (1.04-1.59), 1.41 (1.11-1.79), and 1.77 (1.28-2.45), respectively (P value for trend &lt;.001); additional adjustment for BMI attenuated the association. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increasing physical activity may lower the risk of progression from GDM to T2DM. These findings suggest a hopeful message to women with a history of GDM, although they are at exceptionally high risk for T2DM, promoting an active lifestyle may lower the risk.

三、实验流行病学研究

（1）中文文献7：

题目：留置鼻胃管在胃癌术后临床应用的前瞻性随机试验

摘要：目的：探讨留置鼻胃管在胃癌术后的必要性和临床应用价值。方法：将2006年至2009年收治的124例胃癌患者按完全随机的方法分为留置鼻胃管组(60例)与无管组(64例),比较两组间肠道功能恢复情况、饮食情况、并发症的发生率及件院时间的情况。结果：留置鼻胃管组的恶心发生率较高（63.3%vs.39.1%,P<0.05），但呕吐发生率两组无明显差异;无管组的患者可早期进食，进食流质时间（3.8±1.6）d和进食半流时间（5.1±1.9）d均明显短于对照组的（4.8±1.3）d和（7.2±2.2）d；肛门首次排气时间（2.6±0.8）d和首次排便时间（3.7±1.5）d均明显优于对照组的（3.8±1.6）d和（6.4±2.2）d。无管组患者住院时间明显短于对照组，分别为（10.1±4.1）d与（11.8±3.7）d。两组并发症的发生率并无明显差异。结论：胃癌术后不常规留置鼻胃管安全、可行。无管组可缩短住院时间，患者康复快。

（2）中文文献8：

题目：马来酸依那普利联合叶酸降低血压和同型半胱氨酸的疗效

摘要：目的：评价马来酸依那普利加用叶酸用于原发性高血压患者降压和降同型半胱氨酸的疗效。方法：采用随机、开放、平行对照的临床研究设计,在一农村社区选择原发性高血压患者，随机分配到3个治疗组中，分别接受对照组（依那普利10 mg）、叶酸低剂量组（依那普利10 mg+叶酸0.4 mg）和高剂量组（依那普利10 mg+叶酸0.8 mg）治疗，每日1次，连续治疗8周。治疗前及治疗后第2、4、6、8周末进行随访,测量坐位血压，并测定给药前、给药后第4周和第8周3个不同时点的血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平。试验开始前和结束时进行实验室检查。结果：273例原发性高血压患者进入随机试验。采用意向性分析（ITT）。叶酸低剂量组和高剂量组降Hcy和降压的有效率分别为15.2%和17.1%，均显著优于依那普利组（3.8%）；叶酸低剂量组和高剂量组降低Hcy或血压的有效率分别为70.9%和58.5%，亦均显著高于依那普利组(43.8%)。两个叶酸组降Hcy疗效均显著优于依那普利组（均P<0.05），三组降压疗效无显著差别。结论：依那普利联合使用叶酸可用于降低原发性高血压患者的血压和血浆Hcy水平。

（3）英文文献7：

Title: A Pilot RCT of an Intervention to Reduce HIV Sexual Risk and Increase Self-acceptance Among MSM in Chennai, India

Abstract: This is a 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial (N = 96) of a behavioral intervention (4 group and 4 individual sessions) integrating risk reduction counseling with counseling to foster self-acceptance in MSM in India compared to  enhanced standard of care (ESOC). Both conditions involved HIV and STI testing and counseling at baseline and 6-months, and assessments of condomless sex at baseline, 3-, and 6-months. A significant condition by time interaction suggested a difference in the rate of change in number of anal sex acts without condoms in  the intervention versus ESOC (p < 0.0001). Post hoc contrasts suggested that the  overall difference was due to intervention-response at 3-months. The incidence of bacterial STIs was 17.5 % in the intervention condition and a 28.6 % in ESOC. Addressing self-acceptance and related psychosocial concerns in the context sexual risk reduction counseling for MSM in India was feasible and acceptable. Testing the intervention for efficacy is justified.

（4）英文文献8：

Title: Positive health outcomes following health-promoting and disease-preventive interventions for independent very old persons: long-term results of the three-armed RCT Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term effect of the two health-promoting and disease-preventive interventions, preventive home visits and senior meetings, with respect to morbidity, symptoms, self-rated health and satisfaction with health. The study was a three-armed randomized, single-blind, and controlled trial, with follow-ups at one and two years after interventions. A total of 459 persons aged 80 years or older and still living at home were included in the study. Participants were independent in ADL and without overt cognitive impairment. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. The result shows that both interventions delayed a progression in morbidity, i.e. an increase in CIRS-G score (OR=0.44 for the PHV and OR=0.61 for senior meetings at  one year and OR=0.60 for the PHV and OR=0.52 for the senior meetings at two years) and maintained satisfaction with health (OR=0.49 for PHV and OR=0.57 for senior meetings at one year and OR=0.43 for the PHV and OR=0.28 for senior meetings after two years) for up to two years. The intervention senior meetings prevented a decline in self-rated health for up to one year (OR=0.55). However, no significant differences were seen in postponing progression of symptoms in any of the interventions. This study shows that it is possible to postpone a decline  in health outcomes measured as morbidity, self-rated health and satisfaction with health in very old persons at risk of frailty. Success factors might be the multi-dimensional and the multi-professional approach in both interventions.

四、其他类型文献

（1）中文文献9：

题目：中国控烟措施有效性评价研究的系统综述

摘要：为系统评价中国控烟研究的质量，总结控烟措施的有效性证据,在多个数据库中检索1990-2009年中国发表的控烟措施有效性评价研究文献，采用美国<社区预防服务指南>制定的方法对文献质量进行评价，并进一步对控烟干预措施的有效性证据强度进行评定。共纳入282项中国控烟干预性评价研究，其中仅75项（26.41%）研究质量较好、能够进入证据评价体系。有效性证据强度评定结果显示，吸烟人群中开展戒烟药物干预和行为干预一般人群中开展多组分干预（如宣传教育+行为干预）的有效性证据充分，而临床咨询、中医疗法、单纯宣传教育、规章制度等干预措施的有效性缺乏充分证据支持。中国控烟干预性研究整体质量较低,高质量研究的数量不足是限制控烟有效性证据产出的主要障碍；应重视和加强对控烟规章制度有效性评价的研究。

（2）中文文献10：

题目：乙二胺四乙酸铁钠改善铁缺乏人群血红蛋白水平的系统综述

摘要：目的：评价乙二胺四乙酸铁钠（NaFeEDTA）改善铁缺乏人群血红蛋白水平的效果。方法：通过检索电子数据库、手工检索相关期刊书籍、收集灰色文献、查找会议摘要、联系相关领域专家，并通过查找参考文献进行全面的文献检索;使用Cochrane EPOC制定的标准对纳入研究的质量进行了评价；使用广义倒方差法对各结局的纳入研究进行Meta分析。结果：在铁缺乏人群,NaFeEDTA使血红蛋白浓度增加12.14 g/L（加权均差；95%CI：5.60～18.69；P＜0.001）。亚组分析提示更低的基线血红蛋白浓度、更高的干预剂量可能导致更大的血红蛋白浓度增加。结论：NaFeEDTA可以有效改善铁缺乏人群的血红蛋白浓度。

（3）英文文献9：

Title : Effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control of patients with diabetes: A  systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether non-surgical periodontal treatment reduces glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  An electronic search was carried out on MEDLINE (through PubMed interface), EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized controlled trials with a minimum of 3 months follow up were included. The risk of bias was assessed for each study. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on HbA1c and FPG levels. The effect  of the adjunctive use of antimicrobials was also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were included. A reduction of -0.38% (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.23  to -0.53) after 3-4 months (P < 0.001) and of -0.31% (95% CI 0.11 to -0.74) after 6 months (P = 0.15) of follow-up was found for HbA1c, favoring the treatment group. Similarly, in treated patients, a significantly greater decrease in FPG was observed in respect to control participants. Such difference amounted to -9.01 mg/dL (95% CI -2.24 to -15.78) after 3-4 months (P = 0.009) and -13.62 mg/dL (95% CI 0.45 to -27.69) after 6 months (P = 0.06) from treatment, respectively. In participants treated with adjunctive antimicrobials, a non-significant increase of HbA1c was observed 3 months after treatment, whereas  FPG decreased by 0.27 mg/dL (95% CI 39.56 to -40.11; P = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis showed that non-surgical periodontal treatment improves metabolic control in patients with both periodontitis and diabetes.

（4）英文文献10：

Title: The efficacy of self-management programmes for increasing physical activity in community-dwelling adults with acquired brain injury (ABI): a systematic review

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired brain injury (ABI), often arising from stroke or trauma, is a common cause of long-term disability, physical inactivity and poor health outcomes globally. Individuals with ABI face many barriers to increasing physical activity, such as impaired mobility, access to services and knowledge regarding management of physical activity. Self-management programmes aim to build skills to enable an individual to manage their condition, including their physical activity levels, over a long period of time. Programme delivery modes can include traditional face-to-face methods, or remote delivery, such as via the Internet. However, it is unknown how effective these programmes are at specifically improving physical activity in community-dwelling adults with ABI, or how effective and acceptable remote delivery of self-management programmes is for this population. METHODS/DESIGN: We will conduct a comprehensive search for articles indexed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PEDro and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) databases that assess the efficacy of a self-management intervention, which aims to enhance levels of physical activity in adults living  in the community with ABI. Two independent reviewers will screen studies for eligibility, assess risk of bias, and extract relevant data. Where possible, a meta-analysis will be performed to calculate the overall effect size of self-management interventions on physical activity levels and on outcomes associated with physical activity. A comparison will also be made between face-to-face and remote delivery modes of self-management programmes, in order to examine efficacy and acceptability. A content analysis of self-management programmes will also be conducted to compare aspects of the intervention that are associated with more favourable outcomes. DISCUSSION: This systematic review aims to review the efficacy of self-management programmes aimed at increasing physical activity levels in adults living in the community with ABI, and the efficacy and  acceptability of remote delivery of these programmes. If effective, remote delivery of self-management programmes may offer an alternative way to overcome barriers and empower individuals with ABI to increase their levels of physical activity, improving health and general wellbeing.